The difference between FAT .. NTFS .. EXFAT .. REFS operating systems

Why are these file systems different?

Because the file system is the basic structure that the computer uses to organize the data on the hard disk, and there are many file systems, let's get to know them together.

(FAT) or (FAT 16)

They are the same, but the difference is in the name only and (FAT) is an acronym for (File Allocation Table), and it is known as file allocation, and it is the oldest file system ever; Where it started in 1980 AD, and it was approved in spaces smaller than 2 GB for one (partition), and it used (Cluster) with a capacity of 64 Kbs, and this system was developed to (FAT 32) in the year 1996 AD, and it is used in spaces that exceed 2 GB , up to 32 GB, with a capacity of 16 Kbs for the (Cluster) Features of FAT 32 systems, the most common and widespread system over other systems due to its age, FAT systems are fast, and work on all versions, especially versions (Windows 95, 98, 2000, XP), suitable For small storage capacities.

The disadvantages of (FAT16 - FAT 32) systems are that they have a limited size of 32 GB in (FAT 32), while only 2 GB in (FAT 16), a file larger than 4 GB cannot be stored on this system, The cluster is between (64 Kbs for FAT 16) and (16 Kbs for FAT 32), lacks a lot of confidentiality, and needs more security and encryption. Modern Windows systems cannot be installed on it, while it is suitable for USB flash drives.

System (NTFS)

It is an abbreviation for (New Technology File System), and it is considered the latest and best in dealing with large files, and it is supported by modern Chile systems such as (Windows 7, XP), NTFS features: It contains maximum limits for the sizes of storage capacities that work In it, unlike the FAT, it reaches 2 terabytes, and it can store files larger than 4 GB and of unlimited size. The cluster holds 4 Kbs, thus allowing better use of the available spaces. Its importance is what we explained previously. It gives much better security and confidentiality. Where you can use permissions and encryption to restrict access to files, it supports the ability to restore files in case of damage and make a backup copy of them, and the ability to compress and encrypt them, more stable in work than other systems because of the possibility of monitoring errors and fixing them, the best system to install modern Windows systems on it.

Disadvantages (NTFS): It does not work on old Windows operating systems such as (98 and Windows 2000), its advantages: it does not work on (Windows xp home), and it only works on (Windows xp pro), we cannot convert volumes From (NTFS) system to (Fat 32) system.

system (exFAT)

It is a system that was established in 2006 AD, and it was added to the updates of the old versions of Windows, and it was designed to be optimal for external disks because it carries the advantages of (NTFS), in addition to being as light as (FAT 32), the advantages of (exFAT) support huge files without limit The maximum file or disk in it, carries the advantages of (NTFS) with the lightness of (exFAT) so it is the perfect choice for external disks, the possibility of seamless interoperability between computers and mobile devices, the possibility and scalability of the system, and development in the future, the disadvantages (exFAT) does not support it ( xbox360) but supported by (Xbox one), not supported by (Playstation3), but supported by (Playstation4).

System (Refs)

It is an abbreviation for (Resilient File System), and it is called the flexible file system and is based on the foundations of the (NTFS) system, and it was built and engineered for the new generation of storage units, and (Windows 8) has been working with this system since the launch of its trial version, the features of the system: Preserving a high degree of compatibility with the previous file system (NTFS) and its advantages Automatically correct data corruption based on file checksums Access to the file system at all times (Full Tolerance) In case of an error or hard disk problem It isolates the error, while the remainder of the volume can be accessed, allows the creation of virtual disks that may exceed the capacity of the real physical disk, adapting to large volumes.